Breast cancer
From the Top Breast Cancer Hospital in Hyderabad
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally, affecting millions of women — and occasionally men — each year. While medical advancements have significantly improved outcomes, early detection, awareness, and timely treatment continue to be the cornerstones of breast cancer care.
Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells grow uncontrollably, forming a mass known as a tumour. These tumours can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumours have the potential to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body — a process called metastasis.
Breast cancer typically begins in one of two places:
Lobules: The milk-producing glands.
Ducts: The channels that carry milk to the nipple.
Most breast cancers start in the ducts, which is why ductal carcinoma is the most common type.
Though breast cancer is far more common in women, men can also develop the disease, accounting for about 0.5–1% of all cases.
The exact cause of breast cancer is not always known. In many cases, it’s a combination of genetic, environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. What’s particularly important to know is that over half of all breast cancer cases occur in women with no known risk factors except for age and gender.
Some well-established risk factors include:
It’s important to note that even without these risk factors, breast cancer can still develop. Regular screenings remain your best defence.
Breast cancer usually begins in the ducts or lobules of the breast. In early stages, the cancer may remain confined to its point of origin — known as in situ. However, most cases (around 80%) are invasive, meaning the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues.
Spread (metastasis) can occur through:
Common early spread areas include:
Breast cancer symptoms vary, and some people may experience no symptoms at all in the early stages. However, you should consult a doctor if you notice any of the following:
Early detection dramatically improves outcomes, so do not wait for pain or discomfort.
Breast cancer is not a single disease — it comes in many forms, each with unique characteristics, behaviors, and treatment approaches. Understanding the different types can help patients and caregivers make informed decisions about diagnosis and care.
Below are the most commonly diagnosed types of breast cancer:
DCIS is a non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancer. It begins in the lining of the milk ducts but has not spread beyond the duct walls into the surrounding breast tissue. While DCIS itself is not life-threatening, it can increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer later if left untreated.
· Stage: Considered Stage 0
· Symptoms: Usually none; often detected via mammogram
· Treatment: Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), possibly followed by radiation
This is the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all invasive cases. IDC begins in the milk ducts but invades the surrounding breast tissue and can potentially spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems.
· Symptoms: Lump, breast thickening, changes in skin or nipple
· Diagnosis: Mammogram, ultrasound, biopsy
· Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone or targeted therapy based on receptor status
ILC originates in the lobules, the milk-producing glands, and spreads into nearby tissue. It accounts for 10–15% of invasive breast cancers. ILC can be more challenging to detect on mammograms due to its growth pattern, which tends to be more subtle and diffuse.
· Symptoms: Thickening in the breast rather than a distinct lump
· Treatment: Similar to IDC, with surgical and systemic therapies depending on staging
TNBC is an aggressive form of breast cancer that does not express estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), or HER2 receptors. It tends to grow and spread faster than other types and is more common in younger women and those with BRCA mutations.
· Treatment Challenge: Hormone and HER2-targeted therapies don’t work
· Treatment Plan: Primarily chemotherapy, and in some cases, immunotherapy
· Prognosis: Can be more difficult to treat if diagnosed late, but early detection improves outcomes
IBC is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer. Instead of forming a distinct lump, it blocks lymph vessels in the skin of the breast, causing swelling, redness, warmth, and skin changes that resemble infection.
· Symptoms: Rapid swelling, redness, pitted or thickened skin (peau d’orange), breast pain
· Diagnosis: Often confused with mastitis; requires imaging and biopsy
· Treatment: Usually begins with chemotherapy, followed by surgery and radiation
This is a rare cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola. It is often associated with underlying DCIS or invasive ductal carcinoma.
· Symptoms: Redness, flaking, irritation or discharge from the nipple
· Diagnosis: Clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy of nipple tissue
· Treatment: Surgery (nipple removal or mastectomy), sometimes followed by radiation
Also known as advanced or secondary breast cancer, this type refers to cancer that has spread beyond the breast and nearby lymph nodes to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, brain, or bones.
· Symptoms: Depend on the organ affected — e.g., bone pain, breathing issues, neurological symptoms
· Treatment: Focuses on controlling spread and improving quality of life — typically with systemic therapies like hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted drugs, or immunotherapy
· Rare, usually slow-growing, often ER/PR negative, but less aggressive
· Found under a microscope to resemble salivary gland tumours
· Another rare IDC variant with cells that appear similar to apocrine sweat glands
· Typically HER2 negative; treatment is similar to other invasive cancers
· Tends to occur in younger women and may have a better prognosis
· Appears soft and fleshy; TNBC-like but distinct biologically
· Produces mucin (a sticky substance); often slow-growing and responds well to treatment
· Usually hormone receptor-positive
· Rare and low-grade cancer; favourable prognosis
· Commonly detected during mammograms
· Cells grow in a sieve-like pattern; low-grade and slow to spread
· Often found alongside other cancer types
· Begin in the connective tissue (stroma) of the breast
· Can be benign, borderline, or malignant; surgery is the main treatment
The type and subtype of breast cancer play a critical role in:
· Determining prognosis
· Designing personalized treatment plans
· Predicting response to therapy (e.g., hormone therapy for ER+ cancers)
At Omega Hospitals, the best breast cancer hospital in Hyderabad, we use biomarker testing (ER, PR, HER2) and advanced diagnostic imaging to precisely classify the type of breast cancer. This ensures that each patient receives a targeted and effective treatment plan, backed by the latest medical protocols.
Diagnosing breast cancer accurately is the first and most important step toward effective treatment and recovery.
Here’s a detailed look at the key diagnostic tools and how they help identify breast cancer:
1. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
Performed by a trained healthcare provider, a clinical breast exam involves physically checking both breasts and the underarm areas for any lumps, thickening, or abnormalities. This is often the first step if a patient reports symptoms or during routine screening.
2. Mammography
A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breast used for both screening and diagnosis. It can detect abnormal masses or microcalcifications even before a lump can be felt.
3. Breast Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of the breast. It is commonly used as a follow-up to a mammogram or for evaluating lumps that are difficult to see on X-ray, especially in dense breast tissue.
4. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
An MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast. It’s particularly helpful in:
5. Biopsy
A biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test for breast cancer. It involves removing a sample of breast tissue or fluid for microscopic examination to determine if cancer cells are present and, if so, what type they are.
Types of biopsies include:
What a biopsy reveals:
6. Hormone Receptor and HER2 Testing
Following a confirmed biopsy, the tissue is tested for the presence of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and HER2 protein.
These markers are critical for choosing the most effective treatment plan.
7. Genetic Testing (If Indicated)
For patients with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, or those diagnosed at a young age, a genetic test may be recommended to check for BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 mutations.
8. Lymph Node Evaluation
To determine whether the cancer has spread, the lymph nodes (especially in the armpit area).
9. Additional Imaging for Staging
Breast cancer that is caught early (Stage 0 or 1) is far more treatable and often curable. Survival rates are significantly higher when cancer is diagnosed before it spreads beyond the breast.
At Omega Hospitals, our One-Stop Breast Clinic is equipped with the latest AI-powered mammography and precision diagnostic tools to facilitate rapid, reliable diagnosis.
Treatment depends on several factors, including type, stage, age, and overall health. A combination of local and systemic therapies is often used.
Surgical Options:
Radiation Therapy:
Chemotherapy:
Hormone Therapy:
Targeted Therapy:
Immunotherapy:
Comprehensive Breast Cancer Care at Omega – A Leading One Stop Breast Hospital in Hyderabad
At Omega Hospitals, Hyderabad, we offer a One-Stop Breast Clinic designed to:
Our multidisciplinary team includes medical oncologists, breast surgeons, radiation specialists, and reconstructive experts — all working together to ensure every patient receives compassionate, evidence-based care.
Breast cancer can be overwhelming, but with the right information and expert support, it is manageable and treatable. If you or a loved one have concerns about symptoms, risk, or diagnosis, don’t delay. Omega Hospitals is here to guide you with expertise, empathy, and world-class technology.
Trust the top breast cancer doctors in Hyderabad. Visit Omega’s Breast Clinic at Gachibowli or Banjara Hills and take the first step toward healing and hope.
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